Muslim Scientists and Thinkers
(700 - 1450 A.D.)
(700 - 1450 A.D.)
Welcome to the web page on Muslim contribution to humanity and Islamic Civilization. This page is dedicated to those Muslims whose multi-disciplinary contributions sparked the light of learning and productivity. Their contributions are rarely mentioned in formal education, and if at all mentioned their names are Latinized or changed with the effect of obscuring their identity and origin, and their association with the Islamic Civilization.
Verily in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of night and day - there are indeed signs for men of understanding; Men who remember Allah, standing, sitting, and lying down on their sides, and contemplate the creation of the heavens and the earth (with the thought) "Our Lord! Not for nothing have You created (all) this. Glory to You! Give us salvation from the suffering of the Fire." Holy Qur'an 3:190-191
This is a list of some of the leading Muslims. Major Muslim contributions continued beyond the fifteenth century. Contributions of more than one hundred other major Muslim personalities can be found in several famous publications by Western historians. | ||
|---|---|---|
| Name | Description | Years (A.D.) |
| Jabir Ibn Haiyan (Geber) | Chemistry (Father of Chemistry) | Died 803 |
| Al-Asmai | Zoology, Botany, Animal Husbandry. | 740 - 828 |
| Musa Al-Khwarizmi ( Algorizm) | Mathematics, Astronomy, Geography. (Algorithm, Algebra, calculus) | 770 - 840 |
| Amr ibn Bahr Al-Jahiz | Zoology, Arabic Grammar, Rhetoric, Lexicography | 776 - 868 |
| Yaqub Ibn Ishaq Al-Kindi ( Alkindus) | Philosophy, Physics, Optics, Medicine, Mathematics, Metallurgy. | 800 - 873 |
| Thabit Ibn Qurrah (Thebit) | Astronomy, Mechanics, Geometry, Anatomy. | 836 - 901 |
| Abbas Ibn Firnas | Mechanics of Flight, Planetarium, Artificial Crystals. | Died 888 |
| Ali Ibn Rabban Al-Tabari | Medicine, Mathematics, Caligraphy, Literature. | 838 - 870 |
| Abu Abdullah Al-Battani (Albategnius) | Astronomy, mathematics, Trigonometry. | 858 - 929 |
| Ibn Kathir Al-Farghani (Al-Fraganus) | Astronomy, Civil Engineering. | 860 |
| Zakariya Al-Razi (Rhazes) | Medicine, Ophthalmology, Smallpox, Chemistry, Astronomy. | 864 - 930 |
| Abu Al-Nasr Al-Farabi (Al-Pharabius) | Sociology, Logic, Philosophy, Political Science, Music. | 870 - 950 |
| Abul Hasan Ali Al-Masu'di | Geography, History. | Died 957 |
| Al-Sufi ( Azophi ) | Astronomy | 903 - 986 |
| Abu Al-Qasim Al-Zahravi (Albucasis) | Surgery, Medicine. (Father of Modern Surgery) | 936 - 1013 |
| Muhammad Al-Buzjani | Mathematics, Astronomy, Geometry, Trigonometry. | 940 - 997 |
| Hasan Ibn Al-Haitham (Alhazen) | Physics, Optics, Mathematics. | 965 - 1040 |
| Abu Al-Hasan Al-Mawardi (Alboacen) | Political Science, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Ethics. | 972 - 1058 |
| Abu Raihan Al-Biruni | Astronomy, Mathematics. (Determined Earth's Circumference) | 973-1048 |
| Ibn Sina (Avicenna) | Medicine, Philosophy, Mathematics, Astronomy. | 981 - 1037 |
| Al-Zarqali (Arzachel) | Astronomy (Invented Astrolabe). | 1028 - 1087 |
| Omar Al-Khayyam | Mathematics, Poetry. | 1044 - 1123 |
| Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali (Algazel) | Sociology, Theology, Philosophy. | 1058 - 1111 |
| Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Yahya (Ibn Bajjah) | Philosophy, Medicine, Mathematics, Astronomy, Poetry, Music. | 1106 - 1138 |
| Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar) | Surgery, Medicine. | 1091 - 1161 |
| Al-Idrisi (Dreses) | Geography (World Map, First Globe). | 1099 - 1166 |
| Ibn Tufayl, Abdubacer | Philosophy, Medicine, Poetry. | 1110 - 1185 |
| Ibn Rushd (Averroes) | Philosophy, Law, Medicine, Astronomy, Theology. | 1128 - 1198 |
| Al-Bitruji (Alpetragius) | Astronomy | Died 1204 |
| Ibn Al-Baitar | Pharmacy, Botany | Died 1248 |
| Nasir Al-Din Al-Tusi | Astronomy, Non-Euclidean Geometry. | 1201 - 1274 |
| Jalal Al-Din Rumi | Sociology | 1207 - 1273 |
| Ibn Al-Nafis Damishqui | Anatomy | 1213 - 1288 |
| Al-Fida (Abdulfeda) | Astronomy, Geography, Histrory. | 1273 - 1331 |
| Muhammad Ibn Abdullah (Ibn Battuta) | World Traveler. 75,000 mile voyage from Morocco to China and back. | 1304 - 1369 |
| Ibn Khaldun | Sociology, Philosophy of History, Political Science. | 1332 - 1395 |
| Ulugh Beg | Astronomy | 1393 - 1449 |
Two hundred years before a comparable development elsewhere, Turkish scientist Hazarfen Ahmet Celebi took off from Galata tower and flew over the Bosphorus. Fifty years later Logari Hasan Celebi, another member of the Celebi family, sent the first manned rocket into upper atmosphere, using 150 okka (about 300 pounds) of gunpowder as the firing fuel. | ||
Tipu, Sultan of Mysore [1783-1799] in the south of India, was the innovator of the world's first war rocket. Two of his rockets, captured by the British at Srirangapatana, are displayed in the Woolwich Museum Artillery in London. The rocket motor casing was made of steel with multiple nozzles. The rocket, 50mm in diameter and 250mm long, had a range performance of 900 meters to 1.5 km. | ||
The dates in the table are converted from the Islamic calendar (A.H.) which begins with Hijra, the migration of Prophet Muhammad (s) from Makkah to Medinah. The calendar is based on lunar monthly cycles. 1 A.H. = 622 C.E.
Masha Allah! Subhana Allah...all glory is due to ALLAH
Your Guardian Lord Is Allah, Who created The heavens and the earth In six Days, then He Settled Himself on the Throne(of authority): He draweth The night as a veil O'er the day, each seeking The other in rapid succession: And the sun, The moon, and the stars, (All) are subserviant By His command. Verily, His are the creation and the Command Blessed be Allah, the Cherisher And Sustainer of theWorlds!
Source :http://www.sadaqathullah.com/science.html
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