The Last Sermon Of Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.)
This sermon was delivered on the Ninth day of Dhul-Hijjah, 10 A.H. ( 623AD) in the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat in Mecca. It was the occasion of annual rites of Haj. It is also known as the Farewell Pilgrimage.
After praising and thanking Allah the Prophet (p.b.u.h.) began with the words:
"O People! Lend me an attentive ear, for I know not whether after this year I shall ever be amongst you again. Therefore, listen carefully to what I am saying and take these words to those who could not be present here today."
"O People! just as you regard this month, this day ,this city as sacred ,so regard the life and property of every Muslim a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord, and that he will indeed reckon your deeds."
"Allah has forbidden you to take usury, therefore all interest obligation shall henceforth be waived. Your capital is yours to keep .You will neither inflict nor suffer any inequality. Allah has judged that there shall be no interest and that all interest due to Abbas Ibn 'Aal-Muttalib be waived."
"Every right arising out of homicide in pre-Islamic days is henceforth waived and the first such right that I waive is that arising from the murder of Rabiah ibni al-Harithiah."
"O men! the unbelievers indulge in tampering with the calendar in order to make permissible that which Allah forbade, and to prohibit what Allah has made permissible. With Allah the months are twelve in number. Four of them are holy, there are sucessive and one occurs singly between the months of Jumada and Shaban."
"Beware of Satan, for the safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will be able to lead you astray in big things so beware of following him in small things."
"O People it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women but they also have rights over you. Remember that you have taken them as your wives only under Allah's trust and with His permission. If they abide by your right then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness. Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not make friends with any one of whom you do not approve, as well never to be unchaste."
"O People! listen to me in earnest, worship Allah, say your five daily prayers, fast during month of Ramadan, and give your wealth in Zakat .Perform Haj if you can afford it."
"All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a White has no superiority over a Black nor a Black has any superiority over a White except by piety and good action. Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim and that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing shall be legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was given freely and willingly."
"Do not therefore do injustice to yourselves. Remember one day you will meet Allah and answer your deeds. So beware, do not astray from the path of righteousness after I am gone."
"O People! No Prophet or apostle will come after me and no new faith will be born. Reason well, therefore O People! and understand words that I convey to you. I leave behind me two things, the Quran and the Sunnah and if you follow these you will never go astray."
"All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to others again; and may the last ones understand my words better than those who listen to me directly."
"O Allah, be my witness, that I have conveyed your message to Your people."
As part of this sermon, the prophet recited to them a revelation from Allah, which he had just received, and which completed the Quran, for it was the last passage to be revealed:
This day the disbeliever's despair of prevailing against your religion, so fear them not, but fear Me (Allah)! This day have I perfected for you, your religion and fulfilled My favor unto you, and it hath been My good pleasure to choose Islam for you as your religion. (Surah 5, Ayah 3)
The sermon was repeated sentence by sentence by Safwan's brother Rabiah (RA), who had powerful voice, at the request of the Prophet and he faithfully, proclaimed to over ten thousand gathered on the occasion. Towards the end of his sermon, the Prophet asked "O people, have I faithfully delivered unto you my message?" A powerful murmur of assents "O Allah! yes!"arose from thousands of pilgrims and the vibrant words "Allahumma Na'm," rolled like thunder throughout the valley. The Prophet raised his forefinger and said: "O Allah bear witness that I have conveyed your message to your people."
Source : http://www.iium.edu.my/deed/articles/thelastsermon.html
Prophet Muhammad’s Last Days
In his great speech on the day of ’Arafat, during his pilgrimage, the Prophet recited to the Muslims:
“This day I have completed your religion for you, perfected My grace on you, and approved Islam as your religion” [Al-Ma’idah 5; 3], the last verse to be revealed.
One or two of the Prophet’s companions, endowed with keen insight, recognized that it was an announcement of the completion of the Prophet’s mission realizing that when perfection has been achieved, only imperfection can creep in.
No one, however, could imagine that the Prophet’s life was approaching its end. But the Prophet was a human being, distinguished only by the fact that God had chosen him to convey His message to mankind. When the message has been delivered, his role is fulfilled.
Late in the month of Safar, the second month in the Islamic calendar, of the eleventh year of the Islamic era, the Prophet asked Abu Muwayhibah, a servant of his, to accompany him one night to the graveyard of Madinah known as Baqi’ al-Gharqad. He stood there praying to God to forgive those who were buried in that graveyard, as they had served Islam during their lives. It was an act which showed the Prophet’s love and compassion for those who recognized the truth of Islam and moulded their lives according to it.
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Illness and preaching
Sirat p. 679
Then Muhammads illness worsened and he suffered much pain. He said: "Pour seven skins of water from different wells over me so that I may go out to the men and instruct them." We made him sit down in a tub, and we poured water over him until he cried: "Enough, enough!" A millenium before the coming of meaningful medicine, superstition will have to do. Doesn't work too well, though. Muhammad went out with his head bound up and sat in the pulpit. The first thing he uttered was a prayer over the men of Uhud asking Allah's forgiveness for them and praying for them a long time; It appears that what nags Muhammad the most from his entire life is the fact that a large part of the Muslims retreated before the battle of Uhud, contributing to the defeat they suffered. The idea of asking Allah's forgiveness contradicts the strict fatalism of Islam expressed elsewhere. then he said: "Allah has given one of his servants the choice between this world and that which is with Allah, and he has chosen the latter." Interesting wording. Since Allah never was described as being in Paradise, one may wonder where Muhammad will be spending his eternity. Abu Bakr perceived that he meant himself, and he wept, saying: "Nay, we and your children will be your ransom." He replied: "Gently, Abu Bakr," adding "See to these doors that open on to the mosque and shut them except one from Abu Bakr's house, for I know no one who is a better friend to me than he." Perceptive as always, Abu Bakr correctly guesses that Muhammad talks about himself. The issue of successing Muhammad was delicate. Muhammad didn't explicitly appoint anyone, but quite a few hints that his father-in-law had the favorite role. Ibn Ishaq, being Sunni and sponsored by the Sunni caliph, did remember to include the appropriate hadith about this.
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